1. Introduction to C Programming

• History, features, and applications of C.
• Structure of a C program, compilation, and execution process.
• Keywords, identifiers, and tokens. 

2. Fundamentals & Data Types

• Data types (int, char, float, void, double), modifiers, and qualifiers.
• Variables, constants, and enumeration constants.
• Input and output functions (printf, scanf, getchar, putchar). 

3. Operators and Expressions

• Arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, and assignment operators.
• Increment/decrement, conditional (ternary), and size-of operators.
• Operator precedence and associativity. 

4. Control Flow Statements

• Decision-making: if, if-else, nested if, if-else-if ladder, switch case.
• Loops: for, while, do-while.
• Unconditional statements: break, continue, goto. 

5. Functions and Storage Classes

• Function prototyping, definition, and calling.
• Parameters passing: Pass by value, pass by reference.
• Recursion.
• Storage classes: auto, register, static, extern. 

6. Arrays and Strings

• One-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays.
• String handling functions (strlen, strcpy, strcat, strcmp).
• Array and string manipulation, sorting, and searching (linear/binary). 

7. Pointers

• Pointer declaration, initialization, and dereferencing.
• Pointer arithmetic and array-pointer relationship.
• Pointer to pointer, function pointers. 

8. Structures and Unions

• Defining and accessing structures.
• Nested structures and arrays of structures.
• Unions and typedef keyword. 

9. Memory Management & File Handling

• Dynamic memory allocation: malloc, calloc, realloc, free.
• File operations: Opening, closing, reading, and writing files (fopen, fclose, fprintf, fscanf).
• Command-line arguments. 

10. Advanced Topics (Optional/Advanced Syllabus)

• C Preprocessor directives (#include, #define, #ifdef).
• Advanced data structures (Linked lists, stacks, queues, trees).
• Networking basics (socket programming).